Private Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Private Schools - Research Paper Example   The private schools are usually controlled by the private corporation. That is, nonaffiliated or religious. Besides, they are supported by the private funds. One characteristic of private school is that of double selection. The private schools select their students and teachers and then the parents or guardians select the schools to take the students. It is, therefore, clear that the private education is due to parental choice. The private schools can be operated by the entrepreneurs whose aim is to make the profit, charities, or the religious groups. Although the public education is free, many people prefer to take their children to private schools. There are many benefits that can be enjoyed in private schools as discussed below.The first benefit of private schooling is academic opportunities provided. In private schools, there are challenging and exceptional educational experiences due to the advanced placement courses and the extracurricular activities among other programs. I n the United States, students from the private schools score better marks than those from public schools on standardized tests (Hahn, Kim & Seo, 2014).). In some private schools, there is a one hundred percent rate of students who are admitted to the universities after passing their exams.The second advantage is that of smaller classes. In private schools, the ratio of teachers to students is lower compared to that in public schools. Students perform better when taught in small class size.  

Circular Dichroism and Secondary Structure of Proteins Essay Example for Free

Circular Dichroism and Secondary Structure of Proteins Essay Proteins are vital to an organism life; they are involved in nearly all cellular functions. It is an essential part of enzymes, the cellular membrane, active transport, protein synthesis and wound healing. Because one relies so heavily upon proteins and its function the structure of proteins is also very important. â€Å"The way a protein will fold over its self-determines how it interacts with other chemicals in its proximity, primarily because of different attractive forces being subjected at specific angles from certain amino acids on the protein’s primary structure and the final shape in the tertiary and quandary structure (Circular dichroism ). † The structure of proteins can range from simple to complex molecules. Proteins may consist of a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. The secondary structure consists of hydrogen bonds which join amide and carboxyl groups. These bonds aren’t far from the backbone of proteins. This structure is capable of structures such as alpha helicies, beta sheets, and beta turns (Jim, 2007). The physical, secondary structure is important because it helps in determining the activity of a protein. Circular Dichrosim spectroscopy has been identified as prevalent application used in structural biology in determining whether a protein is folded, characterizing its secondary structure, tertiary structure, and the structural family along with other uses as well (Circular dichroism ). Circular dichroism, CD spectroscopy has defined a form of light absorption spectroscopy. It measures the difference in the absorption of circular polarized light by a substance on the right and left. The secondary structure of a protein can be analyzed between the spectrum of approximately 260 and 180 nm. Estimates of secondary proteins can be compared to X-ray crystallography or NMR (Kelly, Jess, C., 2005).The structures identified in this spectrum are the alpha helix, parallel and antiparallel beta sheet, and turns (Berndt, 1996). The only drawback with CD is that even with the implied spectrum, it has been found that there is no exact standard reference spectrum for a pure secondary structure. Synthetic homopolypeptides used to obtain reference spectra are in general, poor models for the secondary structures found in proteins (Berndt, 1996). The CD signal reflect the entire molecular population; it can determines how much of a certain structure and protein contains. It cannot determine the specific residues involved in the alpha-helical portion. In Circular Dichroism a linear polarized light passes through a optically active sample of a protein. This protein has a different absorbance for components. The amplitude of the stronger absorbed component will smaller than that of the less absorbed component. A projection is created of the resulting amplitude. The result is no longer a linear line but and ellipse (PARTHASARATHY, 1985). Different analyses have been developed to help with various contributions that arise from the different types of secondary structures present in a single molecule. The use of reference spectra have been created from known protein structures to help find the overall and secondary structure of unknown proteins (Whitmore A., 2007). â€Å"Recently a new reference dataset of SRCD spectra of proteins of known structure, designed to cover secondary structure and fold space (Berndt, 1996).† Works Cited Berndt, K. D. (1996, May 31). 4.2.1 Circular dichroism spectroscopy. Retrieved October 02, 2012, from 4.2.1 Circular dichroism spectroscopy Circular dichroism . (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2012, from APlab: http://www.ap-lab.com/circular_dichroism.htm Jim, C. (2007, August). The Structure of Proteins. Retrieved October 02, 2012, from Chemguide: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/proteinstruct.html Kelly, S. M., Jess, T. J., C., P. N. (2005). How to study proteins by circular dichroism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1751, 119 – 139. PARTHASARATHY, M. (1985). Protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra. Proc. Int. Symp. Biomol. Struct. Interactions, 141-149. Whitmore, L., A., W. B. (2007). Protein Secondary Structure Analyses from Circular Dichroism. Biopolymers, 392-400. `

Nazi Labour Camps and Capitalism Essay -- Comparative, Borowski

Throughout the communist era in Central and Eastern Europe, but especially in the first half of that era, capitalism was seen as immoral and inhumane. Capitalism, as discussed by Karl Marx in The Communist Manifesto, was the cause of many social ills in society and needed to be overthrown (Marx 221-222). In â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen,† Tadeusz Borowski uses imagery and characters to compare and contrast the Nazi labor camp to capitalism. Although the ideology of capitalism is not as cruel as the Nazi labor camps, when put in practice it does have some similarities to these camps. Of course, Borowski wrote this story while he was a member of the communist party, which suggests that his opinion of capitalism may be skewed. Nevertheless, in the discussion that follows, I will argue that Borowski’s use of imagery in â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† was intended to portray the structure, motivations, and social interactions within the camp as similar to those of capitalist society. In order to compare the Nazi labor camps to capitalism, Borowski begins to discuss the structure of the camp. Borowski stresses that the Nazi’s have the camp well organized and designed for efficiency. â€Å"The crews are being divided into those who will open and unload†¦and those who will be posted by the wooden steps. They receive instructions on how to proceed most efficiently† (Borowski 15). However, not only are the camp laborers divided into different positions among themselves, but the type of jobs performed by the Schutzstaffel (S.S. officers) and camp laborers are different. This is a portrayal of capitalist society because it was Henry Ford who developed the assembly line in 1913, which began the practice of the ... ...after the war. This is mainly because he was pro-communist when he wrote this story. Due to this fact, it is unlikely that Borowski would compare communism to the labor camp, but highly likely that he would believe that capitalism and the labor camps are similar. However, Borowski portrays the similarities between the labor camps and capitalist society in a negative light, which is most likely done because he may have wanted to promote communist ideas. Borowski compares capitalist society to labor camps through the interactions and imagery presented in the story. Much of the interactions that take place and the imagery described relates to the way society is organized, which is one of the main complaints in The Communist Manifesto. Although there is no proof that Borowski read The Communist Manifesto, much of the story is relatable to what is presented in it. Nazi Labour Camps and Capitalism Essay -- Comparative, Borowski Throughout the communist era in Central and Eastern Europe, but especially in the first half of that era, capitalism was seen as immoral and inhumane. Capitalism, as discussed by Karl Marx in The Communist Manifesto, was the cause of many social ills in society and needed to be overthrown (Marx 221-222). In â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen,† Tadeusz Borowski uses imagery and characters to compare and contrast the Nazi labor camp to capitalism. Although the ideology of capitalism is not as cruel as the Nazi labor camps, when put in practice it does have some similarities to these camps. Of course, Borowski wrote this story while he was a member of the communist party, which suggests that his opinion of capitalism may be skewed. Nevertheless, in the discussion that follows, I will argue that Borowski’s use of imagery in â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† was intended to portray the structure, motivations, and social interactions within the camp as similar to those of capitalist society. In order to compare the Nazi labor camps to capitalism, Borowski begins to discuss the structure of the camp. Borowski stresses that the Nazi’s have the camp well organized and designed for efficiency. â€Å"The crews are being divided into those who will open and unload†¦and those who will be posted by the wooden steps. They receive instructions on how to proceed most efficiently† (Borowski 15). However, not only are the camp laborers divided into different positions among themselves, but the type of jobs performed by the Schutzstaffel (S.S. officers) and camp laborers are different. This is a portrayal of capitalist society because it was Henry Ford who developed the assembly line in 1913, which began the practice of the ... ...after the war. This is mainly because he was pro-communist when he wrote this story. Due to this fact, it is unlikely that Borowski would compare communism to the labor camp, but highly likely that he would believe that capitalism and the labor camps are similar. However, Borowski portrays the similarities between the labor camps and capitalist society in a negative light, which is most likely done because he may have wanted to promote communist ideas. Borowski compares capitalist society to labor camps through the interactions and imagery presented in the story. Much of the interactions that take place and the imagery described relates to the way society is organized, which is one of the main complaints in The Communist Manifesto. Although there is no proof that Borowski read The Communist Manifesto, much of the story is relatable to what is presented in it.

Rocky Mountain High :: essays research papers

â€Å"Rocky Mountain High†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swish, swish, flap, swish, flap. The walls of my tent begin to shake vigorously. I roll over, rub my eyes, and try to figure out what in the hell is going on. Waking up from the long, cold nights sleep at 10,000 feet, my senses are not exactly what I would call â€Å"sharp as a tack†. I unzip my sleeping bag and a rush of cold mountain air sends shivers down my spine. I scramble around the tent, frantically trying to find some warm clothes. As I hop out of the tent, I realize the shaking was coming from the other members in my group giving me a camper’s wake up call. Still in a morning daze, I ask, â€Å"What’s for breakfast?† After the laughter dies down, I realize the Clif bar I packed the day before will be the only breakfast I get.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I scramble around camp, I notice the first glints of sunshine shoot over the ridge to the east and the moon slowly tucking itself into bed behind the ridge on the west. I wipe the dew off the face of my watch, 6:03am. I take a deep breath of the mountain air, as clean as pure spring water and then I feel nature begin to call. With the first task of the day accomplished, I pack up camp and prepare for the days hike. The higher up the mountain I go, more and more of my group members began to fade. Some of the members stop to rest on a log that has fallen victim to Mother Nature. Others pause to take pictures of themselves, overlooking the valley below. The lake glimmers from the sun’s rays and the cool north winds push the clouds across the sky. Feeling excited now, I want to keep going to get the view from the top. Sitting on a log to rest or taking pictures just does not seem so appealing anymore. I do not know what about hiking in the mountains that became so addicting to me, but there is definitely something about it. Maybe it is the way that all my worries and troubles seem to disappear into the land. I run around all day climbing peak after peak, not thinking twice about the rest of the world. All the TV’s, cell phones, palm pilots and other gadgets of the day that seem to keep me entertained at home are like a candle in the wind when compared to Mother Nature, who offers plenty to keep me occupied.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Not for the Adolescent

Mr. Jordan AP English III 13 January 2013 Huckleberry Finn For decades, Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† has spurred many controversies because of its offensive language, bad grammar, and racial bias. Some schools have even banned it from being taught; despite the benefits that one receives from it. When read to the right audience, one could learn from the harsh dialect, the use of satire, and the historical setting.However, because of the more advanced components of this book, â€Å"The Adventures of Huck Finn† should only be taught to high-school seniors in advanced English classes. One of the most popular reasons as to why â€Å"The Adventures of Huck Finn† is banned in some schools is because of the use of offensive language such as the â€Å"n† word and other racist comments and actions, mostly when referring to Jim, the runaway slave. In an article written by Allen Webb, he states, â€Å"†¦it was clear that hearing the word come out of my mouth made my African American†¦students bristle. Because of the book’s constant use of the term and other instances of racism such as when Huck takes advantage of Jim’s gullibility and lack of education, tricking him with a snake skin, and later tries to convince him that a series of dramatic events were a dream, which both confuses and upsets Jim, makes teaching the book very difficult, no matter how sensitive one will attempt to be. For this reason, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† should not be taught anywhere except in advanced senior English classes.As an advanced student, the level of maturity tends to be higher and the curriculum consists of a more broad and difficult selection, preparing the students for any style or type of writing. When hearing the use of a term such as the â€Å"n† word, most of these students will see it as a term to portray the time period and evoke strong emotions from the audience inst ead of taking it to offense. While the controversies that the offensive language stirs up are understandable, â€Å"The Adventures of Huck Finn† should be taught for the opportunity to discuss topics such as racism and to learn from Twain’s unique writing style.Without the opportunity to read â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† students would lose the chance to experience Twain’s use of satirical humor and a historical setting and dialect. In an interview with Nancy Methelis, she says that â€Å"The Adventures of Huck Finn† â€Å"†¦is a part of American history as American literature, so they can see it its place within the spectrum of literature and history. † The book lends a realistic depiction of life during the times of slavery and helps to more understand the feelings and struggles of African Americans. Also throughout the book is a heavy use of satire.For example, Miss Watson attempts to become and better Christian, yet sh e owns slaves and considers them her property. Another instance is when Pap becomes outraged at the thought of a black man being able to vote even though the black man is more educated that him. Twain uses the tool of irony and satire to poke fun at the idea of white supremacy and uses his writing style to portray the flaws in society. By reading â€Å"The Adventures of Huck Finn,† one can build their reading skill by deciphering Twain’s style and can also experience an accurate description of pre-Civil War life.In conclusion, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† should be taught in advanced senior classes only to ensure the students are mature enough to handle the complex aspects of the book such as the harsh language and literary tools. Although some might believe that the book is offensive and better off banned, I believe that the benefits one will receive from reading â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† such as realistic depictions of hist ory and fine examples of American literature, are much too valuable.

Free Essays on Heroism In Beowulf And Sir Gawain

â€Å"Disposable Heroes† Throughout time our concept of heroes has changed dramatically. Even in the recent past heroes have gone from comic book characters such as spider man or superman, to the men and women who risked their lives on September 11th. In comparison, it is also clear how the concept of heroes changed from the time of Beowulf, possibly written as early as 1100 AD, to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, composed around 1400 AD. Though both considered heroes, Beowulf and Sir Gawain are drastically different characters in personality, ability, and perspective. The similarities are few; each performs deeds for which they gain fame and honor, and each is seen, in their own respects, as a model of virtue. It is evident through their many differences how the concept of heroism changes from the time of Beowulf to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Beowulf is a hero who is very sure of his abilities. This is clear when Beowulf is about to battle Grendel because he says, When it comes to fighting, I count myself as dangerous any day as Grendel. So it wont be a cutting edge I’ll wield to mow him down, easily as I might. He has no idea of the arts of war, of shield or sword-play, although he does posses a wild strength. No weapons, therefore, for either this night: unarmed he shall face me if face me he dares. (46) It is obvious here that Beowulf is confident in his ability to fight as well as his strength. Many great men have tried to defeat Grendel and have failed for many years until Beowulf fights him. Even though he knows how dangerous Grendel is, he still wishes to make the battle a fair fight, so he decides to battle unarmed like Grendel. When he decides to make the fight fair by battling unarmed, Beowulf also shows his bravery. Beowulf’s bravery could not be matched by any other at his time, for he was willing to fight even when he knew it would cost him his own life. When fighting the fire-breathing dragon, the dragon ... Free Essays on Heroism In Beowulf And Sir Gawain Free Essays on Heroism In Beowulf And Sir Gawain â€Å"Disposable Heroes† Throughout time our concept of heroes has changed dramatically. Even in the recent past heroes have gone from comic book characters such as spider man or superman, to the men and women who risked their lives on September 11th. In comparison, it is also clear how the concept of heroes changed from the time of Beowulf, possibly written as early as 1100 AD, to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, composed around 1400 AD. Though both considered heroes, Beowulf and Sir Gawain are drastically different characters in personality, ability, and perspective. The similarities are few; each performs deeds for which they gain fame and honor, and each is seen, in their own respects, as a model of virtue. It is evident through their many differences how the concept of heroism changes from the time of Beowulf to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Beowulf is a hero who is very sure of his abilities. This is clear when Beowulf is about to battle Grendel because he says, When it comes to fighting, I count myself as dangerous any day as Grendel. So it wont be a cutting edge I’ll wield to mow him down, easily as I might. He has no idea of the arts of war, of shield or sword-play, although he does posses a wild strength. No weapons, therefore, for either this night: unarmed he shall face me if face me he dares. (46) It is obvious here that Beowulf is confident in his ability to fight as well as his strength. Many great men have tried to defeat Grendel and have failed for many years until Beowulf fights him. Even though he knows how dangerous Grendel is, he still wishes to make the battle a fair fight, so he decides to battle unarmed like Grendel. When he decides to make the fight fair by battling unarmed, Beowulf also shows his bravery. Beowulf’s bravery could not be matched by any other at his time, for he was willing to fight even when he knew it would cost him his own life. When fighting the fire-breathing dragon, the dragon ...

Free Essays on My Trip To The Synagouge

On Friday, November 9, 2001, I visited Temple Beth Torah, a Jewish Synagogue. When I first walked in, I was amazingly surprised at it’s modern atmosphere. We were welcomed in and we sat in the red cushioned seats. It was structured much like my Roman Catholic church, with it’s candles, books, pews, flowers, canters, choir, and some of the sayings were the same. For example, they said â€Å"Amen† and â€Å"Blessed be his Kingdom Forever†. Also, the walls looked like our stained glass windows. Most of what they said was in Hebrew, but I could understand what they were feeling because of their tone. One big difference that drew my attention was the center attraction above the bema, the catholic alter. It was a burning bush with a golden background. Enclosed behind it was the torah. The wall behind that was a light blue mosaic. At one point during the service, the Rabbi remembered all the lost loved ones. If one of the members stood up, he would point at them and they would say the name of someone they know who was not yet mentioned. This reminded me of a tradition from the Methodist Church attend. Except there they say to pray for someone who is sick or needs their prayers. I really like this tradition, because it gives everyone a chance to participate in the service. The night we came to visit, they were remembering Kristallnacht, which means â€Å"night of broken glass†. On Nov. 9, 1938, Kristallnacht began the Holocaust. This was remembered by a little play at Temple Beth Torah. I listened attentively to the stories they told. During one story a girl who was raised Christian was killed because her father was Jewish. This story affected me greatly because my grandfather is Jewish and I have Jewish blood. After the play, the Rabbi asked the survivors of the Holocaust to stand and be acknowledged. †9/97 zzu g/ h,5' 79† which means, Know whom before you stand† was written above the Bema in Temple Beth Torah. This visit gave ... Free Essays on My Trip To The Synagouge Free Essays on My Trip To The Synagouge On Friday, November 9, 2001, I visited Temple Beth Torah, a Jewish Synagogue. When I first walked in, I was amazingly surprised at it’s modern atmosphere. We were welcomed in and we sat in the red cushioned seats. It was structured much like my Roman Catholic church, with it’s candles, books, pews, flowers, canters, choir, and some of the sayings were the same. For example, they said â€Å"Amen† and â€Å"Blessed be his Kingdom Forever†. Also, the walls looked like our stained glass windows. Most of what they said was in Hebrew, but I could understand what they were feeling because of their tone. One big difference that drew my attention was the center attraction above the bema, the catholic alter. It was a burning bush with a golden background. Enclosed behind it was the torah. The wall behind that was a light blue mosaic. At one point during the service, the Rabbi remembered all the lost loved ones. If one of the members stood up, he would point at them and they would say the name of someone they know who was not yet mentioned. This reminded me of a tradition from the Methodist Church attend. Except there they say to pray for someone who is sick or needs their prayers. I really like this tradition, because it gives everyone a chance to participate in the service. The night we came to visit, they were remembering Kristallnacht, which means â€Å"night of broken glass†. On Nov. 9, 1938, Kristallnacht began the Holocaust. This was remembered by a little play at Temple Beth Torah. I listened attentively to the stories they told. During one story a girl who was raised Christian was killed because her father was Jewish. This story affected me greatly because my grandfather is Jewish and I have Jewish blood. After the play, the Rabbi asked the survivors of the Holocaust to stand and be acknowledged. †9/97 zzu g/ h,5' 79† which means, Know whom before you stand† was written above the Bema in Temple Beth Torah. This visit gave ...

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation Change is inevitable: it is brought about by globalisation, change in customer needs, and technological developments among other factors. As much as change is inevitable, the nature of human being resists change; how well an organisation adopts to change, determines the competitive a company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders have the role of implementing strategies to effect change effectively in their organisation. Change may be rapid, where there is minimal time to plan and adjust processes and products in line with the expected change (Hayes 12-23). This paper discuses change management strategy in an organisation. Strategy A strategy is a thought system and process to be followed, with the aim of attaining certain set objectives. The strategy may be made by an expert, or it can be developed internally in an organisation to ensu re that better processes have been adopted. Implementing and managing a strategy is the final stage of a strategy, where elements and components of the strategy are put in place. In the case of change, a change strategy should be implemented and pioneered by change agents. Change management strategy Leadership of an organisation has the mandate of implementing and managing change. Businesses, countries and the world in general is facing massive change and developments, there are transition and development in different areas. Change should be gradual but should adopt a pace that ensures that the organisation will benefit from opportunities offered by change or mitigate any threats offered by changes in business world. An effective change management policy will ensure a smooth transition from old process development methods to the new form of production. Objectives of a change management program There are different reasons why change should be undertaken in an organisation. The prevai ling condition offers the objective to meet by the change process. Major objectives of a change management strategy are: Improve current working condition; this is through adoption of modern or relevant strategies, for example to implement risk management strategy, there are some change that need to be accommodate in an organization Adopt a different way of doing things and take advantage of available opportunities as other business opportunities are created Make new combinations of resources in an organization; this is mostly when better combination ways have been innovated Adopt new technology; scientific innovations and developments have resulted to technological innovation that robust organization should adopt for efficiency and effectiveness in internal and external processes. Change of business, target market, production formulae, management, job schedules, job description among other; this is where an organization need to take a different approach in business Have a differen t human resource management system, computer system among others Change management program The success of a change program is dependent on how employees in the organisation are going to adjust and the way they will perceive the change. The attitude towards change determines whether the process will be affected effectively or not. The change agents should take certain deliberate measures and follow a well thought process that is influenced by organisational culture of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To implement a change strategy, the following process should be followed: Planning change This is where the need for a change in an organisation is recognised; at this stage, an analysis of prevailing condition in the industry is important. An internal and external audit is conducted to ensure that current position in market is recognised. Change agents shou ld undertake massive research on an area of deficit recognised so that they can devise appropriate mechanisms and strategies to an effective solution (Newman 56-78). Pilot study and management sensitisation After the area that need change has been recognised, the report of the change should be discussed with top management. This is a very important task since how well top management understand the change to come in an organisation, the more support they are likely to give to the change. Through brainstorming and involvement of experts, alterative are devised; if there are past organisations that have implemented any of the set alternatives, its performance should be evaluated. The risk areas are established to ensure that mitigation measures have been established. It is at this stage that the best alternative is chosen; this stage may take varying durations depending with the urgency of the problem at hand, however it should address all areas. Staff sensitisation and involvement Aft er the management have decided on the way forward, before taking any step further, they should involve their employees at all levels seeking their support. At this stage, employees are likely to have a number of questions regarding the change and how will be affected by the change. Change agents should be well versed with the expected change results and the effects it is likely to have on employees. In case some employees have some recommendations to the change, their views should not be locked out but should be included in the change process as long as they will not contradict the objectives targeted by the change. Employees should be made aware that they are part and parcel of the change process and the process should not be implemented on them rather they should be fully involved in the change process (Sadler and  James 34-46). Consolidating change When all things are set to go and attitude of employees towards the perceived change is positive, then the new strategy of doing th ings should be launched. Before switching the old strategy of doing things, the new strategy and the old one should be run concurrently to give a testing chance of the new strategy as employees learn and adjust to the new system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometime there are improvements that become necessary after implementation; such improvements should be done before the old system has been switched off. Support, monitoring, improvement and control of the new system should also be embarked on. Managers role in change Management Leaders in an organisation are mandated with the task of pioneering a business to its desired objectives; they are the change agents. In transitional period the leaders is the one who guides subordinates to the desired path. They make rules and policies to be followed in attaining the goals: without disreg arding their subordinates. Change needs to be planned at all, times when it is being implemented and conducted in such a way that it will be accepted in the business (Hiatt and Creasey 8-12). Change best practice Change Best practice is the approach that a company can adopt to undergo the change process effectively; it involves accommodating all people. Although different strategies of change management are used in different companies, John P Kotters has come up with an eight-stage change best practice model, as follows: Increase urgency After the top management has understood and backed the change process, change agents goes down the hierarchy to create awareness on expected changes in the company. Focus is on the specific departments that will be affected. Having round table meetings where the expected change is discussed is necessary. Relevant inputs from employees are accommodated. Build the guiding team At this stage, people have diverse views, fears and optimisms; depending wi th an individual. Change agents should work closely to explain finer details of the projects and remove doubts and tensions created. This stage call for professionalism since it can break the entire system if a negative perception is created in the mind of the employees. Communicate for buy-in This stage, employees undergo necessary training on how they are expected to conduct themselves after the change process. Those employees who are still resistance should be given one-on-one approach where issues and their fears are aired out. Empower action Change agents guide the employees to see the practicability of the new way of doing things, depending with the development; this stage can be delayed to later date. Any issues and misunderstandings are polished at this stage as employees learn more about the new system and its operations. Note at this stage, the old system still is on.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Create short-term wins The new change is given a full test without doing away with the old one. The new system dominate in activities, this stage gives the company the chance to evaluate the new system as employees learn it further. Dont let up In case the new system has disappointments, it should not be done away with; it should be reinforced and accustomed further for the business. Make change stick At this stage, the company will have understood the change and ready to work with it. The old system is switched off and mechanisms mechanism to evaluate, appraise and upgrade to the new system are put in place (Sadler and  James 45-76) Conclusion People are static to change; however, if an organisation implements an effective change program, then change can be smooth and effective. An effective change strategy should involve employees of an organisation at different levels and sort for their continued support. Hayes, Johns. The Theory and practice of Change Management . New York: P algrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Hiatt, Jeff, and   Creasey Timothy. Change management: the people side of change. Colorado: Prosci, 2003. Print. Newman, Janet. Modernising Governance. Belmont: SAGE Publications, 2001. Print. Sadler, Philip, and  James Craig. Strategic management. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2003. Print.

Can Agros enter the chinese market -An investigation about chinese Essay - 1

Can Agros enter the chinese market -An investigation about chinese consumers' attitudes towards the Argos business modle - Essay Example The research tries to find out the market potential of the Chinese consumer market. It also tries to find out the effectiveness of the present business plan of the organization and also its effectiveness in the Chinese market. This is because of the fact that different nations exhibit different buying behaviour which requires a different strategy. The study would try to formulate the best possible strategies for the organizations so that it gains a significant market share in the Chinese market. The main objective of the study is to analyse the effectiveness of the business model of Argos in the Chinese markets. The study would try to analyse the business plan of Argos and would find out whether the same model can be effectively applied in the Chinese market to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Research questions provide the details of the main research. These questions provide an insight into the main subject of research. They convert the main topic of the study into answerable form of questions. The two main factors associated with research questions are framing answerable questions and making the correct questions. The research questions must be answered by the application of various scientific methods. The selection of a research topic must be followed by the framing of the hypothesis for the research. The nature of the questions should be such that these questions are reproducible when the research question is again presented under the same set of conditions. The selection of research questions is followed by the selection of the right combination of variables to answer the main research question (Bordens,2006, p.34). The main focus of the present study is to analyse the effectiveness of the business model of Argos in the Chinese consumer market. The research tries to analyse the consumer buying behaviour of the Chinese consumers and tries to analyse whether

Human Resources Management in Health Care Assignment - 2

Human Resources Management in Health Care - Assignment Example According to Exhibit 3 this results to ADR of around $340, and the earliest this can be achieved is March to June, most probably during May. There are many reasons why I do not recommend overhauling the training process. First, the 7-day countdown is a Ritz-Carlton tradition that has been proven through time to prepare its new employees to become a proud part of the famous hotel chain. In fact, there have been no reports that the hotel chain have subpar employees. Second, there are many other ways to increase occupancy, such as providing packages for events participants, creating a loyalty card for frequent guests, increasing advertising, etc. Human resource is an integral part of service business. This makes experimenting more difficult, because not only should it be considerate of the customers’ happiness, but also of the employees’ welfare. Unlike machines that only need power to drive it, butlers, managers, and other personnel need more than food and clothing, they also need job security, sense of achievement, and good work

Mummers Parade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mummers Parade - Essay Example Historians believe that Mummers Parade is the only tradition that has lasted for a long time running fork festival in the United States. The parade usually consists of thousands of performers who spend months developing and rehearsing so that it will be enjoyable. They build costumes and scenery and make the parade to be perfect preparing for entire day moving their way up Broad Street where day drinking marks the event. For those who do not go for the parade choose to keep drinking the whole night and in the morning while others use the New Year Eve to move to other countries for leisure. People usually come to the parade by train, bike and others on foot carrying glasses and thermoses of beer so that they can wear their costumes which will depict foreign cultures. Some people who do not like to be associated with racism do not let their children to go to the parade since they say that the parade is a racist tradition that is usually carried from one generation to the next despite t he parade being banned. The participant of the parade dress like a person or a thing that they are not, where they colour themselves and others depicts creatures which are colourful though they are white men they present simplistic cartoons which depicts foreign people and their culture showing that the parade is usually prepared to mark racist agendas in each and every year. During the 18th and 19th century   the slaves who were transported to United States and later employed in the plantation used to play instruments in the plantations.

Architect History Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Architect History Assignment 2 - Essay Example It is about 138 feet in diameter. Sixteen separate panels in the dome depict Jesus Christ, his mother Mary, the apostles and â€Å"saints.† The exteriors of Early Christian buildings were generally plain and unadorned; the interiors, in contrast, were richly decorated with marble floors and wall slabs, frescoes, mosaics, hangings, and sumptuous altar furnishings in gold and silver .Beneath the massive dome of the basilica is the High Altar. Here only the pope or a cardinal whom he designates in his stead can celebrate Mass. Over the altar is a canopy that Bernini fashioned, using bronze plates that Pope Urban VIII took from Rome’s well-preserved Pantheon, a pagan temple. Innovative design for the enormous ribbed dome of Saint Peter’s influenced dome design and construction for the next 300 years. The dome, which was completed after the death of Michelangelo, preserves the essential elements of his design but is taller and more elongated than he planned. The majestic dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City dominates the Roman skyline. St. Peter’s Basilica also vary according to the period in which they were built, that is, by architectural style; styles of the past have often been revived and reinterpreted. As the Roman Empire stumbled to its fall, a new force appeared. Through its early centuries, Christianity had grown slowly but steadily, despite of official persecutions and rivalry. The earliest Christian meeting places were converted houses called titulae. After Christianity was legitimized, basilicas and centralized churches sprang up quickly in the next 50 years throughout the Roman Empire. The major ones were built over the most sacred shrines; the places of the crucifixion and entombment of Christ in Jerusalem and the grave of St. Peter in Rome. At Christs tomb a circular, domed structure was built and nearby was a basilica; the two are now combined in one

Statement of Purpose for Masters in Engineering Management Personal

Of Purpose for Masters in Engineering Management - Personal Statement Example Nevertheless, in the course of my life, I have been inspired by technology entrepreneurs such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, Steve Jobs of Apple and most recently Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, and how they were able to come up with mind boggling, life changing inventions. Joel Barker’s said that, â€Å"Vision without action is merely a dream. Action without vision just passes the time. Vision with action can change the world!† These words are quite distinguishing and they are a hallmark of many entrepreneurs. They have kept ringing into my mind until today. An entrepreneur usually takes the initiative of bringing visions into actuality. I have desired to be one and from my various readings, I have discovered that present day entrepreneurs have used technology for furthering their ideas and bettering the lives of others. This is the reason why I decided long ago that I will study engineering and capitalized on every opportunity that I got which would further enhance my skill s in engineering. I concentrated on sciences in my high school education at Narayana Junior College-Board of Intermediate, AP-India and then later went to do a bachelor of technology at GVP College of Engineering-University JNTU, Kakinada, India. Though I did not get a very good score in my Bachelors, I have endeavored to not let that dampen my spirit and have made up by having industry exposure through working as a software developer for over one year and later on moved to a role of support analyst so as to better understand the production system. I am a firm believer in continuous learning especially during my various daily duties at my place of work. I am currently working as a Senior Systems Executive (Banking & Financial Services) at Cognizant Technology Solutions. This is another role that has exposed me to business support in wealth management space for clients. Whereas creativity, hard work and technological

Architect History Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Architect History Assignment 2 - Essay Example It is about 138 feet in diameter. Sixteen separate panels in the dome depict Jesus Christ, his mother Mary, the apostles and â€Å"saints.† The exteriors of Early Christian buildings were generally plain and unadorned; the interiors, in contrast, were richly decorated with marble floors and wall slabs, frescoes, mosaics, hangings, and sumptuous altar furnishings in gold and silver .Beneath the massive dome of the basilica is the High Altar. Here only the pope or a cardinal whom he designates in his stead can celebrate Mass. Over the altar is a canopy that Bernini fashioned, using bronze plates that Pope Urban VIII took from Rome’s well-preserved Pantheon, a pagan temple. Innovative design for the enormous ribbed dome of Saint Peter’s influenced dome design and construction for the next 300 years. The dome, which was completed after the death of Michelangelo, preserves the essential elements of his design but is taller and more elongated than he planned. The majestic dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City dominates the Roman skyline. St. Peter’s Basilica also vary according to the period in which they were built, that is, by architectural style; styles of the past have often been revived and reinterpreted. As the Roman Empire stumbled to its fall, a new force appeared. Through its early centuries, Christianity had grown slowly but steadily, despite of official persecutions and rivalry. The earliest Christian meeting places were converted houses called titulae. After Christianity was legitimized, basilicas and centralized churches sprang up quickly in the next 50 years throughout the Roman Empire. The major ones were built over the most sacred shrines; the places of the crucifixion and entombment of Christ in Jerusalem and the grave of St. Peter in Rome. At Christs tomb a circular, domed structure was built and nearby was a basilica; the two are now combined in one

Software Process Improvement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Process Improvement - Assignment Example This paper will look at the software that can be used in managing the process. Process management is important in that it will bring into optimizing the software that is already in place. It is important to know the times that the software needs to be optimized. To have this process rightly in place and working effectively, there should be an automated way in which can be undertaken. This paper will suggest the software that can be designed to help in assessing the various information systems and suggest process improvement of the software. Log management software One software that can be put in place is that of managing the various logs that are found in a given information system. Logs are the small transactions and details that usually take place in an information system. There is a need to undertake a management process where the logs are managed. This will help to know the requirements that should be improved in case there needs to be some improvement. Before a process is improv ed, there is a need to understand the internal workings of the software that should be improved. The log management software will manage, among other things, the frequency of use of some transactions in the software, the bugs that are common with the use of certain transactions. There is a need to record the logs and the requirements to improve and work on a solution to eradicate these errors. Another issue that should be looked into automatically is the processes that keep on clashing in the system. He internal working of the process in an information system should be looked into and improved on. These are the functions that the information system will work to improve. Error logging software Important software that should be developed to help with process improvement procedure with the various information systems is that of error logging software. This software will help to check for the errors that are normally frequent. It is also important to understand the errors that are commo n in particular processes and the ones that interact with other processes. This software will be used, together with the logging software, to analyze the cause of the errors that are commonly met while working on the various software in the system. This will help have detailed facts about the errors that are experienced which will help the process improvement developers to understand what they are to improve and the way in which this can be achieved. With the various errors being experienced in software, the improvement and eradication of these errors is normally built on detailed understanding of eh software that is causing the errors. It is important to have the right information about these errors (Haug, Olsen, Bergman, 2001). Process optimization software This software will be used in suggesting the best ways in which the software will be optimized. As the software is used every day, there will come a time where the processes will be optimized. What the software will do is monit or the interaction of the various modules and processes that are running in the software and generate a report about the software which interacts most often. It will also look at the tasks that will be undertaken and processed by more than one process. This information will be used by the developers while they are on the quest to improve on the working on the various processes (Oktaba, 2008). After the developers get this information, they will be in a position to have a way forward into working on the interaction of the software processes so that they can work effectively on the various tasks that require multiple processes. This will help in optimizing the software process. Instead of have autonomous software processes

Motivation to Help Essay Example for Free

Motivation to Help Essay This paper discusses the social psychological perspective on helping. It tackles the factors that lead people to help other people and the theoretical basis on such actions. It also includes a reflection on the altruistic property in helping. Motivation to Help The murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as one of the most disturbing cases where almost 40 people were witnesses but none of them called the police in time to rescue her. This baffled social psychologists as to how this was possible. The result of their investigation was the formation of the concept of the Genovese Syndrome. This condition is theorized to exist on certain emergency situations where people encounter a diffusion of responsibility. This was because of the notion that there will be someone who will carry out the responsibility (Alex, 2008). On a personal account, an example of this behavior was observed in the sidewalk near a well-known shopping center. A lady, approximately aged 50 years was walking on the nearly crowded pavement when two men riding a motorcycle snatched her bag. It was not easily taken from her since she tried to defend herself and her belongings. The struggle made the two men shoot the lady until she was down on the sidewalk. The initial reaction of the people there was to run away from the scene. When the two men quickly left, the people slowly went towards the lady. Nobody helped until the lady screamed in pain. There are a number of factors that have resulted to the lack of responsiveness of the people on the victim. One of which is the bystander effect. Since there are more people in the area, the responsibility of helping the victim is divided among them. Each of these people had two choices of whether they should act or wait for someone to do it. Thus, the more people there are in the area means that people feel less obligated (â€Å"The Bystander Effect†, n. d. ). Also, the scream of the lady may have somehow alarmed the people around her, which may have motivated the some people to finally help her. Basically, there are five steps to helping or prosocial behavior. First of all, in order to help, there must be a realization that something is happening. It must also be interpreted as an emergency. The person who is to help must also feel the responsibility towards the situation. He must also know how he is going to help. Finally, the costs of helping are also assessed (Stocker, n. d. ). In this particular scenario, the five steps were evident. Although the initial reaction was to run because of the gun shot, people did realize that it was an emergency situation. However, because there were a lot of people, they did not have much responsibility for the situation because of the assumption that someone will act. When the lady screamed and the two men left, it was the time when someone helped, knowing that the costs are already low and it was no longer dangerous. There are many theories which explain why people are motivated to help. However, the most widely accepted theory on the subject is the theory of Victor Vroom, known as the expectancy theory. This simply states that people are motivated to help because they are expecting something in return such as a reward, or a good performance appraisal (Shah, n. d. ). Based on this theory, the act of helping may not be truly altruistic because of the tendency to expect for something in return. If the one helping does not want anything as a reward, it may be because of other outside factors such as his social image, religion, or the dictate of the society. Nevertheless, additional helped could have been offered in the situation, knowing the there were a lot of people in the situation. If all of them felt responsible for the incident, it is most likely that the crime would have been prevented. References Alex. (2008, February 13). The Genovese Syndrome: When Nobody Helps. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Neatorama: http://www. neatorama. com/2008/02/13/the-genovese-syndrome-when-nobody-helps/ Shah, K. , Shah, P. (n. d. ). Theories of Motivation. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Laynetworks: http://www. laynetworks. com/Theories-of-Motivation. html# Stocker, S. (n. d. ). Social Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:P4aNe4_DzhsJ:www. spsp. org/student/intro/ppt/myers15. ppt+five+steps+to+prosocial+behaviorcd=4hl=enct=clnkgl=ph The Bystander Effect. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Changing Minds: http://changingminds. org/explanations/theories/bystander_effect. htm

Different users of financial statements have different informational needs

Different users of financial statements have different informational needs Financial statements form the backbone of communicating the information about the company to the members within and outside the organization. According to International Accounting Standards (IAS 1.9) The objective of general purpose financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2010).Owing to the wide variety of users of this information and that of the structure of business entities, there are different types of financial statements. Users refer to them from time to time in order to make correct economic decisions. Depending upon the type of information provided by them, financial statements are categorized in 4 types viz. balance sheets, income statement, statement of cash flow and the statement of equity. A Balance Sheet gives the financial position of the entity by considering its assets, liabilities and equity at a given time. It follows the accounting equation where assets equal capital plus liabilities. An Income Statement, also known as the Profit Loss account of an entity, reports the income, expenses and profits of the entity over a period of time. Statement of Cash flow reports the changes in cash position. It informs about the operating activities like money received from customers or paid to suppliers, investment activities that include acquiring or selling different long-term assets that are not considered to be cash, interests or dividends that are paid or received or financial activities which change the capital of an entity. (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2010).The Statemen t of Equity gives information about the total comprehensive income of the entity over a period while separately stating the amount attributable to the owner (Wheetman P, 2006). For large organizations, such statements are quite complex and it may be necessary to provide notes that explain the items on the financial statement. They also provide information about the basis on which financial statements are prepared and any other information that may be relevant but cannot be stated in the financial statements directly. Such notes form an integral part of the statement. According to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Financial reports are prepared for users who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and who review and analyse the information with diligence.(Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2010).Depending upon their role in the organization, different type of information is used by different users. The users of financial statements include a wide range of people including owners, investors, creditors, management, employees, vendors, public as well as institutions like banks, government organizations etc. They can be briefly classified into two categories namely the Internal Users and External Users. The employees along with the managers and the owners form the Internal User group. Owners use financial statements to access the performance, efficiency of the management, also to measure the performance of the business entity. Management, being directly related with the day to day working of the business ent ity, enjoys unrestricted access to the wide range of information (much of which is confidential in nature). It is then utilised by managers to make analysis, judgements and decisions pertaining to their responsibilities. It makes proper utilization of resources in order to meet the objectives of the entity. A separate form of accounting called Management Accounting has come into existence due to broad nature of this group of users and the high quality of information that is available to them. Employees form the other part of this group. They use the information from financial statements to determine their job security. It is also helpful in analysing the ability of their employers to provide remunerations, pay rise, pension funds and retirement benefits etc to the employees. This information is sometimes provided in form of special reports to employees as the annual reports are published late. However such information provided may be verified by the employees using the financial sta tements. The External Users of financial statements consist of investors, trade creditors, Government, financial institutions like Banks, customers etc. The financial statements are used by the existing investors to access the financial strength of the company, its economic stability, to make decisions whether to buy, sell or hold the stock depending upon the ability of the entity to pay dividends in future, to compare the performance of the entity over a period of time or with other entities in order to make investment decisions etc. It also helps investors to determine the risk factor and the investment returns over a particular period and compare the same with other entities. Institutional investors, for e.g. Insurance companies, pension funds or equity analysts that guide private investors make use of this information to ascertain the liquidity of the business and its ability to pay future dividends. Prospective investors may use the information to make valuable economic investment decisi ons. Financial institutions like Banks make use cash flow statements to determine whether to help them with working capital by issuing loans or if their loans would be paid along with the interest. Financial lenders use this information to determine the economic vulnerability of the business and its results. They may impose restrictions to limit overall borrowing limits called loan covenants. These are then verified through financial statements. Trade creditors provide services or goods on credit. They are called as unsecured creditors as they come last in the payments in case of failure of the business. They therefore make use of the information to ensure the repayment of services and calculate the non-payment risks. Government makes use of the financial statements to keep a tab on the taxes paid by the business entity and make sure that they are in accordance with the profits earned. They have a right to demand more information than that which appears in public statements. Other governm ent agencies also use accounting information to ascertain that the consumers are charged properly by organizations for their services.eg: OFGEM (the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets).Customers need information about the current and future supply of goods and services. Financial statements in form of fixed assets, working capital confirm the ability of the business to meet the current and future obligations like guarantees or warrantees. (Weetman P, 2006). Accounting statements provide financial information for the user which is to be used for decision making. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Framework identifies comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability as the qualitative characteristics that enhance the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2010). According to this Framework general purpose financial statements are prepared which can help all users. However it is evident that different users require different kind of information to make decisions. Also the general financial statements and reports are prepared keeping in focus the interests of the owners or investors. Moreover management tends to modify the information keeping in mind the behaviour of the investors. This often results in the entity being over or under-priced and thus information loses its reliability and trustworthiness. To increase the decision useful financial information, the International Accounting Standards Board and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (hereafter the Boards) are undertaking a joint project to develop a common conceptual framework with new and revised accounting standards that both the boards can use. The Boards have proposed to reconfigure the financial statements by partitioning each financial statement in five categories viz. business activities, financing activities, income taxes, discontinued operations, and equity. The allocations of these transactions would be done by management. They propose that the objective of financial reporting should be on decision useful information. The management approach would then subsume stewardship. The allocation of the transaction within the above stated partitions would be based on the assessment of the management. There is no doubt that objective of segregating the financial statement would help the investors and creditors in jud gements and decision making. (Bradshaw, M., Callahan, C. et al June 2010).However the objective of a financial statement should not be merely influencing the buying, selling and holding companys securities. The role of stewardship also has to be considered as it informs about the financial positions of the past and the current dates. It would not only keep the performance of management under vigil but the past records would also help in identifying the similar re-occurrences of such circumstances. Also importance is given to management approach whereas the very same managers are believed to report biased accruals. (Bradshaw, M., Callahan, C. et al June 2010). Hence financial reporting should not only be done with the management approach but also keeping in mind the importance of the objective of stewardship. Also guidance is to be specified about the level of details to be given in financial statements which would unlikely be provided by the managers. The framework and standards should be based to provide unbiased, faithful information to the users in order to make cost-effective economic decisions. REFERENCES Bradshaw, M., Callahan, C. et al (June 2010). The American Accounting Associations Financial Reporting Policy Committees Response to the Preliminary Views on Financial Statement Presentation. Accounting Horizons. 24 (2), pp 279-296. Business Source Premier. Available at http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=51362791site=bsi-live (Accessed: 11 November 2010). Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2010). Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING Available: http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm. (Accessed: 11 November 2010). Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2010). Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards.IAS 7 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS. Available at http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias07.htm. (Accessed: 14 November, 2010). Weetman, P (2006). Financial and Management Accounting-An Introduction. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 12-16.

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colo

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colonies America was a place for dreams and new beginnings, until white people arrived in 1607. Three groups sailed over the treacherous Atlantic from their cruel lives in England to set up peaceful religious colonies. The only problem is that they attempted to settle in their own way and all failed dismally. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies grew differently over the period 1619-1760.Examining the three sets of colonies will prove that they were all different: socially, economically, politically but not philosophically. Socially the three groups of colonies developed differently. The New England Colonies life was dominated by the Puritan religion. There was strict observation of the Sabbath, people dressed in somber clothing, Christmas and birthdays were not celebrated and religious tolerance was not practiced. People supported each other to create a one-class system: middle class, a homogenous background. In the Middle Colonies the cosmopolitan population celebrated for any reason, wore the latest European Fashions and practiced religious toleration. They had a two-class system of upper class landowners and middle class professionals living in large cities. In the Southern Colonies the plantations and cosmopolitan environment dominated social life. The Southern Colonies had a strict three class system: upper class rich plantation owners, middle class small plantation owners, lower class ...

Comparing Britain To Japan :: essays research papers

In 1900 Britain was in many respects the world’s leading nation, enjoying a large share of world trade, a dominant position in the international money market, and possessing a far flung empire supported by the world’s most powerful navy. Japan was a complete contrast, sharing with Britain only the fact that it too was a nation of Islands lying off the shore of a major continent. Until the 1860s it had possessed a social and economic structure more akin to that of feudal, rather than twentieth century, Europe. By the 1990s, the positions were almost reversed. This paper sets out to examine the contrasting democratic political systems of the two nations and to explore the social and democratic consequences of the changes that have occurred.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The establishment of the Japanese archipelago assumed its present shape around 10,000 years ago. Soon after the era known as the Jomon period began and continued for about 8,000 years. Gradually they formed small communities and began to organize their lives communally. Japan can be said to have taken its first steps to nationhood in the Yamato period, which began at the end of the third century AD. During this period, the ancestors of the present Emperor began to bring a number of small estates under unified rule from their bases around what are now Nara and Osaka Prefectures. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Tokugawa Ieyasu set up a government in Edo (now Tokyo) and the Edo period began. The Tokugawa regime adopted an isolationist policy that lasted for more than 200 years, cutting off exchange with all countries except China and the Netherlands. The age of the Samurai came to and end with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, and a new system of government centered on the Emperor was set up. The new government promoted modernization, adopted Western political, social and economic systems, and stimulated industrial activity. The Diet was inaugurated, and the people began to enjoy limited participation in politics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From around 1920 a democratic movement gained strength. However, amid a global economic crisis, the military came to the fore, and Japan eventually marched down the road to war. With the end of World War II in 1945 Japan put into effect a new Constitution, committed itself to becoming a peace-seeking democracy, and successful in relaunching its economy. In 1956, the nation’s entry into the United Nations was approved.

Global Distribution of Food Products

Question 2 The production, ingestion and distribution of nutrient merchandises globally has been an issue with great importance. Though adequate nutrient is produced worldwide to feed all the people in the universe, about 1 billion people suffer from chronic hungriness in the present universe. One major important factor for this issue is considered to be hapless nutrient distribution. It is chiefly considered that nutrient distribution is fundamentally organizing the connexion between nutrient manufacturers and providers with consumers ; but it is besides every bit of import to place the allotment of nutrient globally. Some of the challenges with nutrient distribution is to place how the nutrient should be distributed globally, who has the authorization to specify the distribution and what schemes and methods to be used for distribution. The traditional method of nutrient distribution is straight selling nutrient and nutrient merchandises straight to the consumers. However, due to assorted inef ficiencies, most frequently nutrient merchandises are transported to a cardinal location from where the nutrient is so distributed to assorted other small towns and metropoliss. As mentioned earlier, assorted factors affect the execution of a robust nutrient distribution system. The deficiency of or inability for the consumers to hold entree to markets or besides the inability of consumers to afford the cost of nutrient is considered as another major factor for improper nutrient distribution. The deficiency of markets, unequal manner of transit handiness and the inability to afford the cost of nutrient production and ingestion are other primary factors. In the current nutrient distribution system, the figure of markets and the ability to entree these markets are limited. About 16 % of the rural population of the states do non hold the convenience to entree markets, doing the husbandmans to sell their harvest. In fact merely 40 % of all the harvest is marketed and one tierce of husbandmans merely sell their harvest to the markets. Transportation has a immense impact in nutrient distribution system in developing states. Access to high quality route or railroad s are limited and this creates hold and inefficiency in transporting goods to the cardinal market. Some of the transit paths are expensive and requires changeless care. Certain parts in rural Africa, South Asia and South East Asia have ill constructed and maintained roads, which sometimes creates a barrier to entree certain rural small towns and towns, making hold in transit of goods to those parts. Besides the type of transit varies from part to part. Therefore it is really of import to come up with solutions by critically analyzing the geographics of the part, their handiness to resources and the understanding the local degree of the part. Another major drawback is that nutrient merchandises are spoilables and their ingestion clip is limited ; which leads to a batch of nutrient merchandises being wasted globally. A batch of waste besides occurs during post-harvest and during transit. Food merchandises are affected by bacteriums, Fungis and insects, rendering the nutrient uneatable and contaminated for usage doing about 25-50 % of nutrient merchandises being wasted. When a part of nutrient merchandises gets wasted, it creates deficit, which straight impacts the monetary values of the nutrient merchandise. Though monetary value addition affects the consumers, there is no alteration in the monetary value for the husbandmans when they sell their harvest. This instability affects the income of the manufacturers increasing the opportunities of poorness and hungriness rates. The effectual manner to cover with this job is to decently hive away and pull off the nutrient produced. Proper storage methods will increase the life of nutrient merchandises ingestion period. The economic instability, where the consumers have to pay higher cost for the nutrient and husbandmans non acquiring a rise in their income, makes it unaffordable for the people to purchase nutrient in the markets. Many a times, husbandmans are non even able to pay off their investings. We have mentioned the assorted grounds for hapless nutrient distribution system. Introducing an Industrial and Systems Engineering methods and position can assist clearly analyse the assorted root causes and can assist in implementing a robust nutrient supply concatenation system pull offing a proper nutrient distribution logistics. By implementing a Systems Engineering attack, it would assist to develop an efficient logistic system, where â€Å"markets would get full reactivity, high quality merchandises and high dependability of supply in little clip Windowss at the lowest cost.† ( Vlajic, 2011 ) . It would extinguish non-value adding work and inculcate thin thought into its attack. The attack towards developing a nutrient supply concatenation is chiefly focused around merchandise quality and the demand for environmental sustainability. The quality of nutrient within the web should be controlled and guaranteed in order to keep the ironss public presentation. Product quality besides involves properties like safety and unity of the nutrient. In an article by Tromp and Van der Vorst, they discuss â€Å"in the context of nutrient supply chains the sustainability treatment focuses on the decrease of merchandise waste, i.e. merchandises that have to be thrown off because the quality is non suited any more, figure of stat mis a merchandise has travelled before it reaches the consumers’ home base ( so called ‘food miles’ ) , and all nursery gas emanations related to the concern processes in the supply concatenation web ( so called ‘carbon footprint’ ) .† ( Tromp and Van der Varst, 2008 ) . Therefore while developing a nutrient supply concatenation, one should non merely concentrate on bettering the logistics public presentation but besides in nutrient quality saving and environmental sustainability. Food merchandises are by big affected by environmental conditions. Factors such as humidness, temperature and presence of c ontaminations affect the nutrient quality and these factors has to be checked and controlled while packaging, lading and availing temperature controlled transit agencies and warehouses. Introducing clip temperature index ( TTI ) in analysing the quality of nutrient merchandise will let to find the degree of merchandise impairment at any phase of the nutrient distribution system. TTI allows to find the shelf life of the merchandise and because of which the sum of rejected or waste merchandises can be reduced. TTI based direction system promotes least shelf life foremost out ( LSFO ) system, where the merchandises with closest termination day of the month are given off to the markets foremost. Many of such methods to cut down waste can be implemented when a Systems Engineering position is introduced into nutrient distribution logistics. It is critical to hold an integrated attack towards logistics, sustainability and merchandise quality while carry oning analysis on nutrient supply co ncatenation. This would let to do better determinations than when taking merely individual facet at a clip. Some of the procedure and merchandise features which impact the designing of nutrient supply concatenation web are ;Seasonality in production which enhances the opportunities of planetary sourcing of production.Variability in procedure outputs chiefly in quality and measure which is affected by the biological fluctuations of the part, random factors like plagues, temperature, conditions and other biological jeopardies.Having different quality restraints for natural stuffs, intermediates and finished merchandises and quality decay when the merchandises pass through the supply concatenation, heightening the opportunities of stock-outs and merchandise impairment when the merchandise has passed the termination day of the month and/or the quality of the merchandise has declined.Need for conditioned storage and transit, increasing cost of production, transit, storage and ingestion.D ue to these specific features of nutrient merchandises, it is of import to hold an Industrial and Systems technology attack to develop an efficient nutrient supply concatenation web. It is indispensable that work takes topographic point in the right order and at the right clip. Industrial applied scientists help to obtain supply of natural stuffs in the right volume, quality, clip and topographic point. Organize the timing of supply of goods and to understand that the merchandises are subjected to quality decay as they travel through the supply concatenation, analysing the grade and velocity of decay influenced by environmental conditions. An industrial applied scientists attack is critical when it comes to redesigning supply concatenation schemes and procedures. Some of the functions and features of an industrial technology position include ;Redesigning the functions and procedures in the supply concatenation like cut downing the figure of parties involved, extinguishing the non-va lue adding activities and pull offing stock list control.Reducing the lead times by implementing IT systems for better information exchange and determination support system. Use of systems like RFID can let better direction of resources and obtain fabrication flexibleness.Transparency of information is critical between the assorted providers, stock list and work in procedure merchandises and to standardise the cryptography of merchandises to better understand and smooth flow within the supply concatenation. A batch of disparities and confusions can be negated by proper information exchange.Synchronize consumer demand with logistical procedures.A batch of logistical determinations and coordination in supply concatenation can be achieved by seting the batch sizes, consolidating the nutrient flow, cut downing human intercessions and implementing merchandise standardisation.Introducing technological intercessions to assist better the communicating of merchandise when it travels down the supply concatenation has been really fruitful in the recent old ages. The usage of RFID ( Radio Frequency Identifiers ) has led to better safety of nutrient merchandises and besides let efficient handling of natural stuffs and finished merchandises and to rush up the fabrication processes. RFID allows to place objects from a distance without holding to be in a line of sight. RFID ticket besides allows to garner and convey other information like the inside informations of the merchandise and maker and can besides convey mensural environmental factors like temperature and humidness. Some of the possible utilizations of RFID engineering in nutrient industry include ;RFID tickets could be used to track nutrient merchandises during storage and distribution.Multiple RFID tickets can be used to ease machine-controlled merchandise cargos from warehouses to a retail location.Freshtime RFID tickets can assist to supervise the shelf life of the merchandise to which it is tagged. The tags sens e temperature and humidness and the engineering is incorporated to find the shelf life of the merchandise depending on the temperature and humidness monitored.A new RFID based engineering is now being used which combines tracking and temperature measuring specially to guarantee nutrients such as meat, fruit and dairy merchandises are maintained at safe temperature during transit and storage. This engineering is presently being used to transport vinos, seafood, meat, domestic fowl and pharmaceuticals.Therefore the usage of RFID can be really helpful in the distribution and keeping the quality of nutrient merchandises. Elimination of wastes and the demand to eliminate hungriness and poorness is of national importance. Even a slightest of betterment or the ability to supply nutrient for the hungry can be game modifier when it comes nutrient distribution. Understanding the function of an industrial technology and how the techniques of these constructs can assist increase the efficiency of the whole nutrient production and distribution system. Mentions:â€Å"Inadequate Food Distribution Systems† , Mission 2014: Feeding the World, hypertext transfer protocol: //12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/problems/inadequate-food-distribution-systems, Accessed September 2014.Vlajic, J. V. , Van Der Varst, J.G.A.J. and Haijema, R. , â€Å"A model for planing robust nutrient supply chains† , International Journal Production Economics, 2012, Vol. 137, n.d. , p. 176-189.Van der Varst, J.G.A.J. , Tromp, S. and Van der Zee, D. , â€Å"Simulation patterning for nutrient supply concatenation redesign ; integrated determination doing on merchandise quality, sustainability and logistics† , International Journal of Production Research, 2009, Vol. 47, No. 23, p. 6611-6631.â€Å"Bar Coding and RFID Enable Food Supply Chain Traceability and Safety† , A Zebra Technologies White Paper, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.zebra.com/content/dam/zebra/white-papers/en-us/food-traceability-en-us.pdf, Accessed September 2014.â⠂¬Å"RFID engineering may assist in maintaining nutrients safe† , Inventory Management Reliable Plant, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.reliableplant.com/Read/20768/rfid-technology-may-help-in-keeping-foods-safe, Accessed September 2014.Wognum, P.M. , Bremmers, H. , Trienekens, J.H. , â€Å"Systems for sustainability and transparence of nutrient supply ironss – Current position and challenges† , Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2011, Vol. 25, n.d. , p. 65-76.Scipioni, A. , Saccarola, G. and Centazzo, A. , â€Å"FMEA methodological analysis design, execution and integrating with HACCP system in a nutrient company† , Food Control, 2002, Vol. 13, n.d. , p. 495-501.

Bridgeton Industries Case

The dynamics of the automobile industry have been very volatile in the last few decades, and the case depicts how the changing environment has affected the Bridgestone Industries. The Bridgestone Industries is a supplier of components and parts for the three main automobile manufacturing companies in the United States. The increase in the fuel prices as well as the technological evolution and the ease of availability of cheaper, cost efficient imported European and Japanese automobiles have taken a significant section of the demand from the US based manufacturers.As a result there is less demand for products and components from the Bridgestone Industries who are facing low volume of sales and therefore low profitability. In addition to this the increasing costs and overheads in the company are aggravating the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries by decreasing the profit margins per sale. The paper provides an analysis of the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries and the overheads associated with the production lines being manufactured by Bridgestone Industries at the ACF.The overhead burden rate for the company is determined to be 437% in 1988, 434% in 1989, 577% in 1989 and 562% in 1990. A budget is also drafted for the year 1991 which considers outsourcing the manifold production line. The budget has depicted that through the outsourcing of the manifold production line significant cost savings in the expenses for direct labor, direct material and the overheads can be achieved which can result in the lowered overhead burden rate of 307% only.As a result it is proposed that the Bridgestone Industries should seek to outsource the manifold production line as it can be highly advantageous for the cost position of the company. Bridgeton Industries Case Overview of Bridgeton Industries The Harvard Business review case depicts the problems that were faced by the Bridgeton Industries due to technological evolution, changes in the internal and external env ironments of the businesses and the changing consumer preferences for automobiles. The company Bridgeton Industries is a major supplier of the complements of the parts and components for the United States automotive industry.The automotive component and fabrication plant in question in this case was originally founded in 1840 but was acquired by the Bridgeton Industries in the early 1900s. Since then the plant was used to manufacture complements for the main automotive manufacturers in the region. However increasing costs of manufacturing the components and increasing overhead costs caused the plant to shut down. The products that were mainly manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries pertained to components of automobiles that were required by the main manufacturers of automobiles in the industry.The main product lines that were manufactured at the automotive component and fabrication plant by the Bridgeton Industries for its customers included fuel tanks for automobiles, stainless s teel exhaust manifolds, the front and rear doors of the automobiles, the muffler exhaust systems for the cars as well as the steel oil pans that are incorporated in manufacturing an automobile. These products were custom made according to the requirements of the customers in the United States market for automobile manufactures only.The target market of the Bridgeton Industries included the three main bid automobile manufactures that operated in the United States. These automobile manufacturers had a large percentage of the market share of the US automobile market and therefore consumed almost the entire production generated by the automotive component and fabrication plant by Bridgeton Industries. The nature of the business at the Bridgeton Industries was such that a business to business customer/ client model was adopted by the company as the customers of the products manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries were not the end users of the products.The case presents that the Bridgeto n Industries was a highly successful manufacture of components and the automotive component and fabrication plant churned out components and products under the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans that were entirely purchased by the three big manufactures of the automobiles in the country. However with the advent of the Japanese car manufactures in the United States, the company was forced to operate at reduced costs in order to be effici9nt and appeal to the changing markets.Despite the changes that were made to control the costs and stream line operations in the plant, the automotive component and fabrication plant was shut down as it was reporting incrementally increasing overhead levels that could not be contained regardless of the effort put into managing the overheads. This case analysis how the company fared and what initiatives could have been taken to better manage the overheads to reduce costs and make the automo tive component and fabrication plant more cost effective. Cost Position EvolutionThe cost position of the company has developed over the time of its operations due to the internal as well as the external factors that include the demand for automobiles and how much the customers are willing to pay for them in the market. The changing requirements of the customers for cheaper and more affordable cars that provided high mileage increased in the 1970s in the US automobile industry and this impacted the cost bearing capability of the automobile manufacturers. These manufacturers in turn started purchasing the components at cheaper costs.This meant that companies like the Bridgeton Industries that were in the business of making components and parts for the big three manufacturers in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s were faced with the challenge of reducing their cost of production and operations in order to be more affective. The strategy was adopted by the Bridgeton Industries to reduce the value and the volume of the overheads that existed for the manufacture of the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans in order to reduce the costs associated with operations.This strategy was focused on reducing the cost in order to increase the margin on the sales made to the big three automobile manufacturers in the market for increased profitability to sustain operations of the Bridgeton Industries The Bridgeton Industries underwent significant changes and evolution in its cost positions. The company first wrote off the physical machinery, the equipment and the buildings from the automotive component and fabrication plant’s financial books to reduce the costs associated with the depreciation expenses for these items.Then the company employed the costing strategy for its product lines that was based on the three elements of materials, direct labor, and overheads. The research undertaken to determine the h igh levels of costs at the Bridgeton Industries and the factors contributing to these costs provided that the overhead burden was one of the main factors that was forcing the automotive component and fabrication plant to be least cost effective when it came to generating profit. The results provided that the overhead burden existed on a ratio of 435 percent of the direct labor cost (Patricia & Cooper, 1993).This was a significant percentage of the total costs being attributed as an expense for overheads which was forcing Bridgestone Industries into a negative cost position with its customers. The cost position evolution saw that the Bridgestone Industries were gradually facing increasing costs in the form of incremental overhead expenses, increasing spend on the manufacture and processing of the product lines as well as the costs associated with the management and the operation of the automotive component and fabrication plant.This decreased the appeal of the products being produced at high costs for the customers of the Bridgestone Industries which forced the Bridgestone Industries to reduce shut down the automotive component and fabrication plant as it was continuously depicting increasing costs that reduced the profit margins for the Bridgestone Industries on the products that its sold to the big three automobile manufactures in the Unites States automobile industry.Internal and External Factors Effecting the Cost Position The increased imports of the European as well as the Japanese make of automobiles in the United States significantly impacted the demand of the automobiles manufactured by the US manufacturers. â€Å"Imports of sub-compact cars from Europe and Japan rose steadily in the 1950s, often as families’ second cars but US manufacturers retained their hold on the lucrative markets for larger vehicles.† (French, 1997, p142) The US manufactures saw their market shrink as the more aware and price conscious consumers shifted to the Europ ean and Japanese counter parts for their automobiles, while the US manufacturers were left with making large, excessive fuel consuming vehicles that denoted social status and personal style.Aside from this the increasing prices of crude oil in the international market in the 1970s also significantly changed the demand of the automobiles as depicted by the consumers. â€Å"A crisis in the US car-market developed as a result of sudden unforeseen shifts in the general environment which allowed overseas producers to expand market share rapidly. New car sales faltered in the 1970s and excess capacity increased.At the same time the leap in fuel prices shifted the consumer preference towards smaller, more fuel efficient cars which Japanese and European makers already supplied in their domestic markets and were better able to produce that were the US manufacturers used to making larger, more up-market ‘gas-guzzlers’† (French, 1997, p142) The automobiles of French and Jap anese make were smaller, more fuel efficient as well as more stylish yet cheaper than the those manufactured by the big three US automobile manufactures.As a result the consumers opted for purchasing the imported cars instead of those manufactured by the Unites States manufacturers. The recession of the 1970s also further reduced the disposal income and the propensity to save for the people in the United States which made purchasing the imported European and Japanese models of automobiles much more attractive to the consumers instead of opting for those models manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.In the same period the perception of the consumers also significantly changed as was marked by the baby boomer generation and the hippy era. In this period, the consumer became more aware of the environment, the increasing pollution and the contribution that automobiles made towards adding to the pollution levels. As a result the consumers started to look for cheaper al ternatives of travel and those which were more environmental friendly that the vehicles manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.The internal factors that contributed to the changing cost position of the Bridgestone Industries, specifically at the plant pertained to the decreasing demand of the US manufactured cars and increased demand for cheaper cars that was reflected un the restricting cost based purchases being made by the big three manufactures form the Bridgestone Industries.As the volume of sales decreased for Bridgestone Industries, along with the margin for profits on sales made due to the rising overhead costs the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries significantly changed to become negative and resulted in the closing of the automotive component and fabrication facility by the Bridgestone Industries. Overhead Burden Rate The Bridgestone Industries had a specific method for determining the overhead burden rate for the products that was proposed and set on an annual basis.â€Å"The budgeted unit costs provided by the plant for the 1987 model year study included overhead (burden) applied to products as a percentage of direct labor dollar cost. The overhead percentage was calculated at the budget time and used throughout the model year to allocate overhead to products using a single overhead pool. The overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor cost† (Patricia & Cooper, 1993)

BUSINESS LAW PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS LAW - PowerPoint Presentation Example There is no magic in the cooperative way that makes it completely only in the way it is owned and in certain methods of operation. But while cooperative financing is in many ways the same with financing other business, the method of capitalization, the use of capital, and the handling of finances generally in a cooperative have certain distinctive features that must reflect cooperative principles. In other words, you can distinguish a true cooperative by its financial policies as well as other ways. Good financing of a cooperative does not come by chance or accident. It has to be well-planned, completely understood and mutually accepted. The members of the cooperative have the responsibility for financing their own cooperative. This is how they acquire their ownership of the cooperative and the right to control it. Others cannot be expected to take the risk of financing an organization for them. In addition, the members have the responsibility to study very well the financial policies presented to them by the board before approving them. In this connection, they must properly choose the persons who will constitute the memberships in various committees. These are the individuals who will protect the interests of the members. Separate legal entity and Limited liability are not applicable for the ownership of cooperatives.

Are some people born serial killer Research Paper

Are some people born serial killer - Research Paper Example 12). According to this description, there has been over 200 serial killers over a period of more than 100 years, and that these murderers killed, on average, between 8 and 14 victims during the period of 4 to 8 years. Further, Scott states that the stereotype of the serial killer, according to the popular public perception, is that these killers are male, psychopathic and sexual sadists (Scott, 2000). Keeney & Heide (2000) state that serial killers must be distinguished from spree killers and mass murderers. A mass murderer is somebody who kills a large amount of people in one setting. The Columbine murders come to mind, as does the case of George Hennard, who killed 23 people in a Luby's Diner in Killeen, Texas in October of 1991. The spree killer, on the other hand, is somebody who kills many people in different locations, but in the context of one event. The case of Andrew Cunanan, who killed the designer Gianni Versace, as well as a number of other individuals around the country, before finally killing himself, is an example of this. The spree killer is different from the serial killer, because there is not a â€Å"cooling off† period. This means that there was not a chance for the killer to calm down – the killer is keyed up throughout his killing spree. The serial killer, on the other hand, kills, then has periods of calm and kills again, etc. (Keeney & Heide, 2000). There has been a number of theories about how serial killers are â€Å"formed† - are they born with the disposition to become serial killers, or is it entirely the environment, or is it a combination of both? The following will demonstrate the pros regarding the theory that serial killers are born, not made, then the cons, which argue that serial killers are made, not born. In the end, it seems to be a combination of both, although it might be different for every killer. Pros Bi-Polar Disorder, an inherited disorder, is a component in serial killer personality. The theory above has been put forth by Jonathan Pincus and Dorothy Lewis. The two have studied serial killers for years, and have written a book detailing their theory on what â€Å"creates â€Å" a serial killer. By â€Å"trifecta,† Pincus and Lewis state that serial killers invariably show a combination of brain damage, mental illness and prior abuse (Pincus, 2001, p. 27). Louis Culpepper, who was no t a serial killer, but was a child molester, was the first person who Pincus examined who showed the trifecta. Culpepper was thirty years old and was molesting his six year old stepdaughter. Pincus examined Culpepper and found that Culpepper had frontal lobe damage, and was physically and sexually abused as a child. (Pincus, 2001, p. 27). Culpepper was the initial criminal who showed signs of this trifecta. From there, Pincus examined serial killers, and found that every one of these killers had the trifecta as well. Pincus' theory led him to believe that the typical serial killer suffered from bi-polar disorder, which means that they go through bouts of mania, and it is during this mania that the killer would go through the kinds of manic urges that marks the start of the urge to kill. This is one of the reasons why many serial killers appear normal to the outside world, theorizes Pincus, because if the killer is not going through a manic state, that individual will appear calm and placid to the outside world. Thus, the typical refrain of â€Å"I can't believe that he would do this – he seemed like such a nice fellow† is explained by this, according to Pincus (Pincus, 2001, p. 129). Thus, this part of the trifecta is inherited, and it is an important component. Still, this does not tell the whole story, as evidenced below in the cons section –